Kontestasi Pengetahuan Negara, Swasta dan Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Program Corporate Social Responsibility
Abstract
The management of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program is determined by the process of knowledge and power contestation in the governance of the CSR program. This contestation of knowledge about CSR often occurs on three social entities namely state, private, and community. Therefore, this research aims to examine the construction of knowledge of state, company, and community against the management of CSR program; and analyzing the political contestation (interests and powers) that occur at three social spaces in the management of CSR program. Research was conducted in Kembang Kuning village, Klapanunggal sub-district, Bogor district with critical paradigm using qualitative approach and case study method. The results showed that there are three forms of knowledge construction in CSR program. First, the construction that happens on the relationship between the community and the government that describes the CSR program as an aid. Second, the construction that happens on the relationship between the community and the company that describes the CSR program as an aid and obligation. Third, the construction that happens on the relationship between the government and the company that describes the CSR program as an obligation. The construction of this knowledge ultimately affects the dispute of interest which is make the low-class community becomes marginalized. Therefore, knowledge of CSR is constructed in such a manner as to provide higher economic benefits to the upper classes (high-class community, government, and company).
Keywords: contestation, corporate social responsibility program, knowledge, relation
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ABSTRAK
Pengelolaan program Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) ditentukan oleh proses kontestasi pengetahuan dan kekuasaan dalam tatakelola program CSR. Kontestasi pengetahuan tentang CSR sering terjadi pada tiga entitas sosial yakni negara, swasta dan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konstruksi pengetahuan negara, perusahaan dan masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan program CSR; dan menganalisis kontestasi politik (kepentingan dan kekuasaan) yang terjadi di tiga ruang sosial dalam pengelolaan program CSR. Penelitian dilaksanakan di desa Kembang Kuning, Kecamatan Klapanunggal, Kabupaten Bogor dengan paradigma kritis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga bentuk konstruksi pengetahuan dalam program CSR. Pertama, konstruksi yang terjadi pada relasi antara masyarakat dengan pemerintah yang menggambarkan program CSR sebagai bantuan. Kedua, konstruksi yang terjadi pada relasi antara masyarakat dengan perusahaan yang menggambarkan program CSR sebagai bantuan dan kewajiban. Ketiga, konstruksi yang terjadi pada relasi antara pemerintah dengan perusahaan yang menggambarkan program CSR sebagai kewajiban. Konstruksi kuasa pengetahuan ini pada akhirnya mempengaruhi konstestasi kepentingan dimana masyarakat lapisan bawah menjadi termarjinalkan. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan CSR dikonstruksi dan dikontestasikan sedemikian rupa dalam rangka memberikan keuntungan ekonomi yang lebih kepada kelas atas (masyarakat lapisan atas, pemerintah dan perusahaan).
Kata kunci: kontestasi, pengetahuan, program corporate social responsibility, relasiDownloads
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