Peranan Modal Sosial terhadap Kondisi Kerja dan Pendapatan Pekerja Migran Muda Sektor Informal
Abstract
Agricultural sector are no longer being seen as choice of occupation by the rural youth. Perception and aspiration of parents and rural youth towards agricultural related job has pushed them away to migrate and find job in urban area. Informal job in general has always become the type of job which being dominated by rural youth since they can benefited from the social capital they possesed to gain access, capital, and neccesary skills to enter informal job. One of the aformentioned sector is angkot informal transportation service provider. Angkot working environtment are characterized by flexible working hour, low capital, and organized by informal norms and unregistered institution. The result indicate that social capital play an important role in determining driver’s working environtment which composed of working status, operational cost, and working duration. The findings also shown that driver’s working environtment detrimental towards their level of income.
Keywords: Informal Sector, Social capital, Angkot paratransit
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ABSTRAK
Sektor pertanian sebagai sektor dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja yang tinggi di desa saat ini tidak lagi dipandang sebagai pilihan pekerjaan bagi pemuda pedesaan. Perubahan aspirasi orangtua dan persepsi pemuda pedesaan terhadap sektor pertanian mendorong mereka untuk melakukan migrasi dan mencari pekerjaan di daerah perkotaan. Sektor informal merupakan pekerjaan yang umumnya dimasuki oleh pemuda perdesaan karena dapat memanfaatkan modal sosial untuk memperoleh jaminan akses, modal, dan keterampilan untuk masuk ke dalam bidang pekerjaan tersebut. Salah satu bidang dalam sektor informal tersebut adalah bidang transportasi dalam kota dan antar kota yang dikenal sebagai “angkot”. Angkutan Kota “Angkot” memiliki flexibilitas jam kerja dan di organisir oleh asosiasi yang tidak terkena regulasi langsung dari pemerintah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa modal sosial berperan dalam menentukan kondisi kerja supir angkot yang terdiri dari status supir, biaya operasional, dan durasi bekerja. Pada peneltian ditemukan juga komponen variabel kondisi kerja berperan dalam menentukan tingkat pendapatan supir angkot.
Kata kunci: sektor informal, modal sosial, angkutan kota
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